HTML: The Living Standard

Developer's Edition — Last Updated 9 April 2020

1. 1. 2.5 URLs
      1. 2.5.1 Terminology
      2. 2.5.2 CORS settings attributes
      3. 2.5.3 Referrer policy attributes
      4. 2.5.4 Nonce attributes
      5. 2.5.5 Lazy loading attributes

2.5 URLs

2.5.1 Terminology

A string is a valid non-empty URL if it is a valid URL string but it is not the empty string.

A string is a valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces if, after stripping leading and trailing ASCII whitespace from it, it is a valid URL string.

A string is a valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces if, after stripping leading and trailing ASCII whitespace from it, it is a valid non-empty URL.

This specification defines the URL about:legacy-compat as a reserved, though unresolvable, about: URL, for use in DOCTYPEs in HTML documents when needed for compatibility with XML tools. [ABOUT]

This specification defines the URL about:html-kind as a reserved, though unresolvable, about: URL, that is used as an identifier for kinds of media tracks. [ABOUT]

This specification defines the URL about:srcdoc as a reserved, though unresolvable, about: URL, that is used as the URL of iframe srcdoc documents. [ABOUT]

The fallback base URL of a Document object document is the URL record obtained by running these steps:

1. If document is an iframe srcdoc document, then return the document base URL of document's browsing context's container document.

2. If document's URL is about:blank, and document's browsing context's creator base URL is non-null, then return that creator base URL.

3. Return document's URL.

The document base URL of a Document object is the absolute URL obtained by running these steps:

1. If there is no base element that has an href attribute in the Document, then return the Document's fallback base URL.

2. Otherwise, return the frozen base URL of the first base element in the Document that has an href attribute, in tree order.

2.5.2 CORS settings attributes

A CORS settings attribute is an enumerated attribute. The following table lists the keywords and states for the attribute — the states given in the first cell of the rows with keywords give the states to which those keywords map.

The attribute's invalid value default is the Anonymous state, and its missing value default is the No CORS state. For the purposes of reflection, the canonical keyword for the Anonymous state is the anonymous keyword.

The majority of fetches governed by CORS settings attributes will be done via the create a potential-CORS request algorithm.

For module scripts, certain CORS settings attributes have been repurposed to have a slightly different meaning, wherein they only impact the request's credentials mode (since the mode is always "cors"). To perform this translation, we define the module script credentials mode for a given CORS settings attribute to be determined by switching on the attribute's state:

No CORS

Anonymous

"same-origin"

Use Credentials

"include"

2.5.3 Referrer policy attributes

A referrer policy attribute is an enumerated attribute. Each referrer policy, including the empty string, is a keyword for this attribute, mapping to a state of the same name.

The attribute's invalid value default and missing value default are both the empty string state.

The impact of these states on the processing model of various fetches is defined in more detail throughout this specification, in Fetch, and in Referrer Policy. [FETCH] [REFERRERPOLICY]

2.5.4 Nonce attributes

A nonce content attribute represents a cryptographic nonce ("number used once") which can be used by Content Security Policy to determine whether or not a given fetch will be allowed to proceed. The value is text. [CSP]

Elements that have a nonce content attribute ensure that the crytographic nonce is only exposed to script (and not to side-channels like CSS attribute selectors) by taking the value from the content attribute, moving it into an internal slot named [[CryptographicNonce]], exposing it to script via the HTMLOrSVGElement interface mixin, and setting the content attribute to the empty string. Unless otherwise specified, the slot's value is the empty string.

element . nonce

Returns the value of the element's [[CryptographicNonce]] internal slot.

Can be set, to update that slot's value.

The nonce IDL attribute must, on getting, return the value of this element's [[CryptographicNonce]]; and on setting, set this element's [[CryptographicNonce]] to the given value.

Note how the setter for the nonce IDL attribute does not update the corresponding content attribute. This, as well as the below setting of the nonce content attribute to the empty string when an element becomes browsing-context connected, is meant to prevent exfiltration of the nonce value through mechanisms that can easily read content attributes, such as selectors. Learn more in issue #2369, where this behavior was introduced.

The following attribute change steps are used for the nonce content attribute:

1. If element does not include HTMLOrSVGElement, then return.

2. If localName is not nonce or namespace is not null, then return.

3. If value is null, then set element's [[CryptographicNonce]] to the empty string.

4. Otherwise, set element's [[CryptographicNonce]] to value.

Whenever an element including HTMLOrSVGElement becomes browsing-context connected, the user agent must execute the following steps on the element:

1. Let CSP list be element's shadow-including root's CSP list.

2. If CSP list contains a header-delivered Content Security Policy, and element has a nonce content attribute attr whose value is not the empty string, then:

   1. Let nonce be element's [[CryptographicNonce]].

   2. Set an attribute value for element using "nonce" and the empty string.

   3. Set element's [[CryptographicNonce]] to nonce.

   If element's [[CryptographicNonce]] were not restored it would be the empty string at this point.

As each Document's CSP list is append-only, user agents can optimize away the contains a header-delivered Content Security Policy check by, for example, holding a flag on the Document, set during Document creation and initialization.

The cloning steps for elements that include HTMLOrSVGElement must set the [[CryptographicNonce]] slot on the copy to the value of the slot on the element being cloned.

2.5.5 Lazy loading attributes

A lazy loading attribute is an enumerated attribute. The following table lists the keywords and states for the attribute — the keywords in the left column map to the states in the cell in the second column on the same row as the keyword.

The attribute directs the user agent to fetch a resource immediately or to defer fetching until some conditions associated with the element are met, according to the attribute's current state.

The attribute's missing value default and invalid value default are both the Eager state.